2D-TO-3D FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

Intelligent image and video interpretation systems of the future will be highly integrated with emergent video databases interacting with real-time access control and surveillance. The intelligent video surveillance software market, including video analysis, is experiencing meteoric growth. Airports, borders, ports, energy plants, historical buildings, monuments, manufacturing plants, retail establishments, and businesses all require access control and surveillance video solutions. Forrester predicts that 40% of businesses will need integrated security. The access control market is expected to reach nearly 14 billion dollars in 2009 [1]. Ultimately, these systems will integrate with and allow for the retrieval and cueing of the massive data stores such as the FBI’s archives that contain both annotated as well as un-annotated video resources.

Biometrics is the study of automated methods for recognizing humans based on intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. In information technology, biometric authentications refer to technologies that measure and analyze physical characteristics in humans for authentication purposes. Examples of physical characteristics used for identification include fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, facial patterns, and hand measurements. The use of biometric indicia for identification purposes requires a particular biometric factor to be unique for each individual, readily measureable, and invariant over time. Although many indicia have been proposed, fingerprints are perhaps the most familiar example of a successful biometric identification scheme.

Increased efforts by government agencies to provide chemical warning systems for military and civilian locations have fueled the search for more sensitive and selective detectors. To better satisfy the demands required of sensors for these applications, we have developed an instrument that combines the technologies of differential and ion mobility. These two spectrometric techniques separate chemical warfare agent (CWA) and toxic industrial chemical (TIC) compounds in a complementary fashion, and allow the differential mobility spectrometer (DMS)–ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) to provide sensitive and selective detection for homeland security applications. This article describes the tandem DMS-IMS, its salient features, and the benefits that can be realized by application of the new sensor to homeland security applications.