Development of a
multi biometric system for security purposes is not a trivial task. As with any
unimodal system, the data acquisition procedure, sources of information, level
of expected accuracy, system robustness, user training, data privacy, and
dependency on proper functioning of hardware and proper operational procedures
impact directly the performance of security system. While using more than one
data source alleviates some issues (such as noisy data, missing samples, errors
in acquisition, spoofing etc.), this advantage does not come free. The choice
of biometric information that needs to be integrated or fused must be made,
information fusion methodology should be selected, cost vs. benefit analysis
needs to be performed, processing.
For many applications,
there are additional sources of non-biometric information that can be used for
person authentication, while in others the use of a single biometric is not
sufficiently secure or does not provide adequate coverage of the user
population. This can be indicated by such parameter as Failure to Enroll rate.
Thus, multi biometric system emerged as a way to provide more secure and
reliable person authentication system under those conditions.
It must be pointed out that in literature there is a
slight difference between two terms. The term multimodal biometric
system refers specifically to those biometric systems where more than one
biometric modalities are used. The term multi biometric is more generic and includes
multimodal systems and some other configurations using only one biometric
modality with different samples instances or algorithms.
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