The use of the iris
for biometric verification is relatively new. All
the current commercial algorithms are based on the original patented algorithm
from John Daugman at the University of Cambridge. In 1994, the iris engine was
ready and obtainable for licensing. Since then, Iridian Technologies has purchased the algorithms and connected
rights. Iridian Technologies has licensed other companies to build
applications that influence the iris algorithms.
Iris biometrics offers the pledge of the Holy Grail of biometrics.
A strong, dependable biometric trait is deliberate, generating a
template that is simple to compare and provides virtually no FAR. There is also
a tremendously low FRR of 0.2% in three attempts.
General Description of Iris Biometrics
The iris is the only
internally visible organ of the human body. It is located in the eye behind the
cornea and aqueous humor, and it is an ideal trait for dimension. It is
protected by the eyelid and cornea, and is not uncovered to harsh conditions
that may cause it to be difficult to image. The iris, like the fingerprint,
forms during the early stages of fetal improvement and is completed by the
eighth month. It is extremely characteristic and will not be the same even for
genetically identical twins.
How Is the Iris Captured?
The iris is visible to
the naked eye as a mosaic of texture. This is what is seen when the visible
spectrum of light is used to illumine the iris. When light from the near
infrared regions is used, “slowly modulated stormily features are seen to
dominate the iris.” It is these
features that can be imaged up to one meter away with appropriate technology.
The technology usually involves a monochromatic CCD
camera in the 480 x 640 resolution range. This is used to extract an image
frame of around 100–140 pixels in radius to capture the iris adequately.
For a user to have
his/her iris captured, he/she needs to look into a camera and receive feedback
on whether to move the camera up, down, left, right, closer, or further than
away. Once the camera is appropriately situated, a frame is captured and the
iris is localized.
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